Industrial application

Instrumentation is an instrument or equipment used to detect, measure, observe and calculate various physical quantities, material components and physical parameters.

Vacuum leak detector, pressure gauge, length gauge, microscope and multiplier are all instruments.
Broadly speaking, instruments and meters can also have the functions of automatic control, alarm, signal transmission and data processing. For example, pneumatic regulating instruments, electric regulating instruments and distributed instrument control systems used in automatic control of industrial production processes also belong to instruments and meters.
Function and function
Instruments and meters can improve \ expand or supplement people's functions. People use sensory organs to see \ hear \ taste \ touch external things, while instruments and meters such as microscope \ telescope \ sound level meter \ acidity meter \ pyrometer \ vacuum centrifugal concentrator can improve and expand people's functions. In addition, some instruments, such as magnetometer and ray counter, can feel and measure physical quantities that can't be felt by human sensory organs, and some instruments can record, calculate and count beyond human ability, such as high-speed cameras and computers.
Instruments are important "tools" for the development of science and technology. Wang Daheng, a famous scientist, pointed out that "machines are tools for transforming the world and instruments are tools for understanding the world". Instruments are "multipliers" for industrial production, "pioneers" for scientific research, "combat effectiveness" for military affairs and "materialized judges" for modern social activities. It goes without saying that instruments are very important for promoting the development of science and technology and national economy in today's era.
1\ Instrument is an important premise and fundamental guarantee for the development of science and technology. Any great leap in the history of human development is driven by great innovation and fundamental change of tools. The development and innovation of scientific instruments as "tools" are often important factors for promoting scientific and technological innovation.
2. Instruments are an important guarantee for economic development and national defense security. Instruments are an indispensable basic condition for ensuring economic development and national security. First of all, the famous scientist Qian Xuesen pointed out: "The key technology of the new technological revolution is information technology. Information technology consists of three parts: measurement technology, computer technology and communication technology. Measurement technology is the key and foundation." .
3. Instruments are an important force to promote the construction of a harmonious society. Global resource depletion, environmental pollution and other issues have become the bottleneck of healthy social development; Food safety problems, public emergencies, disease diagnosis, inflammable and explosive dangerous chemicals have brought serious impacts on people's lives, and the solutions to these major problems are inseparable from advanced detection technologies and means.
4\ Digitalization \ Intelligentization
5\ Because of the improvement of microelectronics skills, instrument products are further blended with microprocessor PC skills, and the degree of digitalization and intelligence of instruments is improved from time to time. Taking the concept of "DSPS" proposed by Texas Instruments as an example, taking DSP chips as the center, we will jointly improve the front mixed signal circuit \ASIC circuit \ Components and developing things are the solutions to supply the whole use system. Many new devices of VLSI, SMT, multi-layer circuit board printing, wafer planning integration (WSI) and MCM, and accounting machines such as CAD\CAM\CAPP\CAT are adopted in instruments and meters, which make multimedia skills \ human-computer interaction \ trance.
6\ Collectivization
7\ A variety of intelligent instruments and meters have been facing the market one after another, and the instruments and meters are undergoing in-depth intelligent innovation. The integrated test system has also moved towards collection, and the instruments are connected through GPIB bus \VXI bus.
8\ Miniaturization
9\MEMS products include automobile accelerometers, pressure, chemistry, flow transmitters, micro-spectrometers and so on, which are widely used in the fields of situation science, aerospace, biomedical, automobile industry, military and industrial control.
Main types
Glass thermometer \ bimetal thermometer \ pressure thermometer \ thermocouple \ thermal resistance \ non-contact thermometer \ temperature controller (regulator) \ temperature transmitter \ temperature calibrator \ temperature sensor \ temperature tester, etc.
Human thermometer \ sphygmomanometer;
Pressure instruments: pressure gauge \ pressure gauge \ pressure transmitter \ differential pressure transmitter \ pressure calibration instrument \ pressure reducer \ tire pressure gauge \ air pressure automatic control instrument \ hydraulic automatic control instrument \ pressure sensor;
Flow meters: flowmeter \ flow sensor \ flow transmitter \ water meter \ gas meter \ liquid level transmitter \ liquid level relay \ liquid level meter \ oil meter \ water level meter \ liquid level controller \ meter;
Electrical instruments and meters: ammeter \ voltmeter \ current power frequency meter \ current distribution \ test pen \ circuit breaker \ switch \ contactor \ relay \ terminal \ voltage regulator \ voltage monitor \ intelligent power monitor \ voltage regulator \ megger \ clamp meter \ multimeter \ power transmitter \ current transducer \ ballast \ rectifier;
Electronic measuring instruments: LCR measuring instrument \ level meter \ viscometer \ oscilloscope \ signal generator;
Analytical instruments: chromatograph \ chromatographic accessories \ photometer \ moisture analyzer \ balance \ thermal analytical instrument \ ray analytical instrument \ spectrometer \ physical characteristic analytical instrument \ photographic instrument \ spectrum analyzer;
Optical instruments: photometer \ refractometer \ filter \ color filter \ prism \ lens \ spectrometer \ colorimeter \ photoelectron \ laser instrument \ microscope \ telescope \ magnifying glass \ theodolite \ level \ spectrometer;
Industrial automation instruments: control system \ regulating valve \ regulating instrument \ multifunctional instrument \ heating equipment \ winding machine \ device \ intelligent instrument \ safety barrier \ frequency converter \ module \ paperless recorder \ probe \ amplifier \ acceleration sensor \ speed sensor \ displacement sensor \ speed sensor \ current sensor \ tension sensor;
Experimental instruments: balance instrument \ constant temperature experimental equipment \ vacuum measuring instrument \ calorimeter \ incubator \ constant temperature box \ corrosion test box \ hardness tester \ drying box \ oven \ oscillator \ stirrer \ centrifuge \ water (oil) bath pot \ constant temperature water tank;
Measuring tools: Gauge \ vernier caliper \ micrometer \ tape measure \ dial indicator;
Measuring instrument: roundness instrument \ CMM \ pneumatic measuring instrument;
Actuator: electric actuator \ pneumatic actuator;
Special power supply for instrument: DC power supply \ regulated power supply \ AC power supply \ switching power supply \ uninterruptible power supply \ inverter power supply.